負壓除塵器的除塵效率高達99.99%以上，排放濃度可達到10mg/m?以下，且分級效率也很高，對2.5μm以下的微細顆粒物也有很好的捕集效率，因此得到廣泛的應用。同時(shí)也存在一些問(wèn)題，如濾袋易損壞、結露、運行阻力高、清灰失靈、灰斗卸灰不暢等。造成這些問(wèn)題的因素有很多，除了自身因素外，操作、管理不當也是造成其在運行中出現問(wèn)題的重要原因。

The dust removal efficiency of the negative pressure dust collector is over 99.99%, and the emission concentration can reach 10mg/m? Below, and the classification efficiency is also very high, for 2.5 μ Fine particles below m also have good capture efficiency, so they are widely used. At the same time, there are also some problems, such as easy damage to filter bags, condensation, high operating resistance, ineffective cleaning, and poor ash discharge from the ash hopper. There are many factors that can cause these problems, in addition to personal factors, improper operation and management are also important reasons for the problems that occur during operation.

除塵器設備的進(jìn)步主要表現在濾料的創(chuàng )新和清灰方式的變革上，濾袋是除塵器的心臟，濾袋的維修費用在除塵器維修費用中所占比例是較高的，可達維修費用的70%以上，濾袋是決定除塵效率的關(guān)鍵因素。造成濾袋損壞的主要因素有：高溫燒毀、腐蝕、機械損壞、安裝質(zhì)量、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、操作維護等多方面原因。

The progress of dust collector equipment is mainly reflected in the innovation of filter materials and the transformation of dust removal methods. The filter bag is the heart of the dust collector, and the maintenance cost of the filter bag accounts for a relatively high proportion of the dust collector maintenance cost, reaching over 70% of the maintenance cost. The filter bag is a key factor determining the dust removal efficiency. The main factors causing damage to filter bags include high-temperature burning, corrosion, mechanical damage, installation quality, product quality, operation and maintenance, and other factors.

高溫煙氣對濾袋的損壞

Damage to filter bags caused by high-temperature flue gas

（1）高溫燒毀

(1) High temperature burning

高溫對濾袋的損害是致命的。煤粉干燥窯，由于干燥后煤粉顆粒非常細小又特別粘，清灰效果不好，使濾袋表面留存大量的煤粉，而這種煤粉的燃點(diǎn)又非常低，當高溫煙氣進(jìn)入除塵器后，會(huì )點(diǎn)燃濾袋表面的煤粉，導致整臺除塵器的濾袋及骨架被燒毀。

The damage of high temperature to filter bags is fatal. Coal powder drying kiln, due to the extremely small and sticky coal powder particles after drying, the cleaning effect is not good, resulting in a large amount of coal powder remaining on the surface of the filter bag. The ignition point of this coal powder is very low. When high-temperature flue gas enters the dust collector, it will ignite the coal powder on the surface of the filter bag, causing the entire filter bag and framework of the dust collector to be burned.

（2）火星燒穿

(2) Mars burn through

除了高溫燒毀外，煙氣中的火星對濾袋的損害也是非常嚴重的。焦爐、干燥窯、鏈條爐、沖天爐、電爐、高爐、混鐵爐等在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中會(huì )有大量的火星混入煙氣中，如對火星處理不及時(shí)，尤其是濾袋表面粉塵層較薄時(shí)，火星就會(huì )將濾袋燒穿，形成不規則的圓洞。但當濾袋表面粉塵層較厚時(shí)，火星不會(huì )直接將濾袋燒穿，可能會(huì )造成糊袋。

In addition to high-temperature burning, sparks in the smoke also cause serious damage to the filter bag. During the production process of coke ovens, drying kilns, chain furnaces, cupolas, electric furnaces, blast furnaces, and mixed iron furnaces, a large amount of sparks will mix into the flue gas. If the sparks are not treated in a timely manner, especially when the dust layer on the surface of the filter bag is thin, the sparks will burn through the filter bag, forming irregular circular holes. But when the dust layer on the surface of the filter bag is thick, sparks will not directly burn through the filter bag, which may cause the bag to become sticky.

（3）高溫收縮

(3) High temperature shrinkage

高溫煙氣對濾袋的另外一種損害是高溫收縮，雖然每種濾料的使用溫度不同，但當煙氣溫度超過(guò)其使用溫度后，會(huì )使濾袋在長(cháng)度方向上尺寸變短，濾袋袋底緊托著(zhù)骨架產(chǎn)生受力而損壞。如果濾袋緯向熱收縮過(guò)大，將使濾袋在徑向尺寸變小，濾袋會(huì )緊緊箍在骨架上，甚無(wú)法抽出骨架。使濾袋一直處于受力狀態(tài)，造成濾袋的收縮變形、變硬、變脆，加快強度耗損、縮短濾袋壽命。由于濾袋變形后會(huì )緊緊箍在骨架上，在清灰時(shí)濾袋會(huì )變形而不利于噴吹清灰，導致濾袋阻力居高不下。

Another damage of high-temperature flue gas to filter bags is high-temperature shrinkage. Although the usage temperature of each filter material is different, when the flue gas temperature exceeds its usage temperature, the size of the filter bag in the length direction becomes shorter, and the bottom of the filter bag tightly supports the skeleton, causing stress and damage. If the latitudinal thermal shrinkage of the filter bag is too large, it will cause the radial size of the filter bag to decrease, and the filter bag will be tightly clamped on the skeleton, even unable to extract the skeleton. Keep the filter bag under stress, causing it to shrink, deform, harden, and become brittle, accelerating strength loss and shortening the lifespan of the filter bag. Due to the deformation of the filter bag, it will be tightly clamped to the skeleton, which is not conducive to spraying and cleaning during ash cleaning, resulting in high resistance of the filter bag.

（4）灰斗粉塵蓄熱燒毀濾袋

(4) Ash hopper dust heat storage burns out filter bags

高溫粉塵被收入灰斗后，如果不能及時(shí)排出，粉塵會(huì )長(cháng)期蓄積在灰斗里造成灰斗內溫度不斷升高，濾袋長(cháng)期在高溫烘烤下就會(huì )變脆、變硬，嚴重時(shí)則會(huì )燒毀，尤其是粉塵中含有的易燃物質(zhì)，會(huì )在灰斗內燃燒，從而燒毀濾袋。

After high-temperature dust is collected into the ash hopper, if it cannot be discharged in a timely manner, the dust will accumulate in the ash hopper for a long time, causing the temperature inside the ash hopper to continuously rise. The filter bag will become brittle and hard under high-temperature baking for a long time, and in severe cases, it will be burned, especially the flammable substances contained in the dust will burn in the ash hopper, thereby burning the filter bag.

濾袋腐蝕

Corrosion of filter bags

腐蝕是濾袋損壞的常見(jiàn)原因，由于煙氣中含有多種腐蝕性物質(zhì)，在高溫環(huán)境下腐蝕作用更大，從而會(huì )造成濾袋損壞。產(chǎn)生腐蝕的主要原因有水解、氧化、酸堿腐蝕，其中主要以水解、氧化原因造成損壞較多，而酸腐蝕較少，堿腐蝕則更少。

Corrosion is a common cause of filter bag damage. Due to the presence of various corrosive substances in the flue gas, the corrosion effect is greater in high-temperature environments, which can cause filter bag damage. The main causes of corrosion include hydrolysis, oxidation, and acid-base corrosion, among which hydrolysis and oxidation cause more damage, while acid corrosion is less and alkaline corrosion is less.

濾袋損壞

Damaged filter bag

運輸、安裝、運行過(guò)程中會(huì )造成濾袋的損壞。

Damage to filter bags may occur during transportation, installation, and operation.

設計問(wèn)題

Design issues

設計方案是否合理是除塵器設備廠(chǎng)區穩定運行的提前，濾室箱體內氣流流場(chǎng)分布的合理性是關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。如果氣流分布不合理，會(huì )導致袋間速度過(guò)快，造成濾袋的損壞。濾袋的長(cháng)徑比選擇不合理，會(huì )造成袋口速度過(guò)快而磨損濾袋。

The rationality of the design scheme is a prerequisite for the stable operation of the dust collector equipment in the factory area, and the rationality of the distribution of the airflow field inside the filter chamber box is the key point. If the airflow distribution is unreasonable, it will cause the speed between the bags to be too fast, resulting in damage to the filter bags. The unreasonable selection of the length to diameter ratio of the filter bag can cause the bag opening speed to be too fast and wear the filter bag.

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